Prison, revolution and reconciliation (The Guardian)

May 18, 2009 – 6:42 am

Prison, revolution and reconciliation

Ukraine’s PM, Yulia Tymoshenko, tells Jonathan Steele how friends have become foes – and vice versa

It was one of those ghastly days – collapsing into bed at 4am after an official trip, up again too soon for a cabinet meeting on the economic crisis, and then an interview with the Guardian. When she arrives for our meeting, Yulia Tymoshenko, Ukraine‘s prime minister and Europe’s second most powerful woman, has not even had time to produce the trademark peasant-style plait that normally hovers on her head like a halo: her hair is combed into a loose bun. Her officials struggle to remember when they had last seen her in this condition, and pictures taken that morning of her minus plait are already shooting round Kiev’s mobile phones.

Tymoshenko first came to international attention during Ukraine’s so-called orange revolution in 2004. She and the pro-western presidential candidate, Viktor Yushchenko, stood on the barricades for 13 days with tens of thousands of supporters demanding a re-run of elections. The supreme court decided there had been fraud and after a new election he became president and she prime minister.

But the two soon fell out, and Yushchenko sacked Tymoshenko in August 2005. Since then their long-running feud has been a major disappointment for the young people who put them in power, and the despair of foreign governments, EU officials, and investors.

Appointed prime minister again after winning parliamentary elections in 2007, Tymoshenko now misses no opportunity to criticise her former ally for “purposely impeding the government’s work”. She is looking forward to the elections, due in January: “We will definitely run for president and we are bound to win,” she says.

She is ahead in the polls, but Ukraine’s economic woes have dented her ratings. The recession has hit eastern Europe very hard, and Ukraine and Latvia have suffered most of all. Sales of Ukraine’s main export, steel, are down by 40%. Real wages started to slip in December and by February were down by 13% from the year before. Unemployment is forecast to reach 10% – and this is probably an underestimate.

It has all come as a shock, especially to the country’s new middle class. The economy has been booming for five years and hundreds of thousands of them took loans to buy cars and flats in dollars. But Ukraine’s currency, has now lost 40% of its value, and families will struggle to repay their inflated debts.

On top of that looms the constant crisis over gas. Ukraine hit the world headlines this January when Russia cut supplies owing to unpaid Ukrainian bills. Ukraine then cut supplies to much of the rest of Europe. Tymoshenko has made three trips to Moscow to resolve the crisis, the most recent one last week. Now she claims there is no chance of another cut-off “because we achieved a true breakthrough by concluding a contract with Russia for 10 years. We have completely removed any political implications from the gas price and gas transit calculation formulas. Ukraine has become dramatically more independent, both economically and politically.”

The woman once regarded in Moscow as an enemy (in Vladimir Putin’s early years in power there was an arrest warrant against her) is now seen as the Kremlin favourite. They like her role in balancing Ukrainians’ pro-EU aspirations with a keen sense of Russia’s interests and the need for co-operation, unlike Yushchenko “who never misses a chance to poke Moscow in the eye”, in the words of a European diplomat.

Even if the gas crisis is history, the wider economic crisis is ever present. Deadlock in the Ukrainian parliament meant that Tymoshenko had to use governmental decrees to pass various measures, including steeper taxes on tobacco and alcohol, to curb the ballooning budget deficit. Thanks to her tough approach, the IMF has agreed to release £1.8bn in a loan aimed at stabilising the economy and restoring confidence. Foreign banks, which own a large share of Ukraine’s financial system, agreed to recapitalise. Its government did the same with two big state banks. Analysts now see little risk of a total collapse of the economy, but recovery will be slow.

Was there a chance of street protests, I ask, an economic orange revolution? “In this newly democratic society if people are unhappy with something they have the right to take to the street – we respect this,” she says. “We have people protesting in front of government buildings and the government listens. But I would like the government and the people to stand tall. By taking to the streets we cannot eliminate the global economic crisis. We have to work hard.”

Sometimes dubbed the “gas princess”, Tymoshenko was typical of the first wave of capitalists in the dying months of the Soviet Union. A leader of the young communist league, the Komsomol, she took the route of many other colleagues in starting small businesses by privatising Komsomol assets, in her case in her native Dnipropetrovsk, a steel town in eastern Ukraine. She and her husband (she married at 18) also copied videos in their living room and rented them out or sold them.

Thanks to her new capital plus good contacts, she became managing director of the grandly named Ukrainian Petrol Corporation in 1991, and four years later the president of United Energy Systems (UES), a company which imported Russian gas and sold Ukrainian products in Russia. She became a multimillionaire.

In 1996, she became an MP for the party led by Pavlo Lazarenko whose government had awarded UES its main import licence. He later left Ukraine to escape money-laundering charges, only to be convicted in California. In 1999 she founded her own party and emerged as a battler against corruption. Her zeal was rewarded with arrest in 2001 by the authoritarian regime of Leonid Kuchma for alleged fraud. She spent six weeks in jail, not knowing if it could be six or 16 years, until a judge ordered her release.

“Prison was a transformational experience. She came out a radical,” says Taras Kuzio, the editor of Ukraine Analyst. Now she portrays herself as the first person to fight corruption. “Ukrainians cannot help noticing that our 17 years of independence have not been a period of sustained reform. They are really only beginning now: profound reforms with respect to investment climate, pensions, and energy efficiency as well as efforts to improve the environment,” she says.

The constant battles between Yushchenko and the various prime ministers which followed the orange revolution have heightened calls for constitutional reform. The main opposition party led by Viktor Yanukovych, wants to move to a parliamentary system with a largely ceremonial president. Tymoshenko’s party is talking to them about the changes. This itself is a huge shift from 2004 when she and Yanukovych were on opposite sides of the barricades. Ukraine’s media is full of speculation that the constitution may be changed so that she remains as prime minister with Yanukovich as a weak president.

One element in a deal with Yanukovych, who is firmly against Nato membership, could be a shift in Tymoshenko’s support for joining the alliance. The Kremlin would be delighted. Ukrainian analysts suggest they could agree on a constitutional change saying Ukraine will keep its present “non-bloc status” rather than seeking to enter Nato. Diplomats say she has back-pedalled since demanding a “membership action plan” from Nato last year.

Ukraine can not live “in a security vacuum”, Tymoshenko tells me. But she highlights the obstacles to Nato membership – barely 20% support among the Ukrainian public, and division between Europe’s Nato members over the wisdom of getting Ukraine in. In the meantime Tymoshenko and her team are focusing on improving ties with the EU.

She admires Margaret Thatcher, as well as Germany’s Angela Merkel, the only other women to reach the top in major European countries. But Tymoshenko has appointed few women to her cabinet, and rebukes quotas for women MPs. She is proud of getting into power by her own efforts. “Whenever you see a successful woman, look out for three men who are going out of their way to try to block her,” she says. “I’m really proud of our women. They are not only strong. They are also beautiful.”

So, why no plait? “I got home at 4am and didn’t have time to produce it. I think women have to change their hairstyle from time to time.” Interviewers sometimes ask if its artificial or genuine. What’s the answer? “It is real.” Giggling, she fiddles at the back of her head, bringing down a Rapunzel-style cascade of blonde hair.

I make my excuses and leave.

  1. 27 Responses to “Prison, revolution and reconciliation (The Guardian)”

  2. Speaking of corruption – the Ukrainian media is reporting that it looks like Tymoshenko is going after the Defense Minister, Yekhanurov, to resign, no the basis of allegations of corruption.

    Something to do with inflated expenditures and corrupt land sales.

    By elmer on May 20, 2009

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    By Vlaserted on May 21, 2009

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    By Derevokas on May 23, 2009

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    By Cederash on May 23, 2009

  6. Yes, she’s going after Yekhanurov, because she failed to adequately budget Ukraines Armed Forces, now, as usual, she needs someone to blame it on. This woman is truely unbelievable!!

    By Wolodymir on May 23, 2009

  7. ???????? ? ????? ????

    By Ferinannnd on May 24, 2009

  8. Comments keep showing up as ???

    Anyway -

    here’s what the Kyiv Post is reporting – that Ukraine’s Main Control and Auditing Chamber (headed by a Tymo confidant, Sivulsky) has found corruption, and it’s not merely a matter of under-budgeting for the military:

    http://www.kyivpost.com/nation/42026

    Last week, Sivulsky revealed findings that Ukraine’s defense ministry, headed by Yury Yekhanurova, a confidant of President Victor Yushchenko, had illegally transferred ownership of 53 land plots with a total area of 266 hectares to private interests.

    Sivulsky’s KRU chamber also found possible signs of corruption in the defense ministry’s purchase of food for soldiers, fuel and lubricants, at inflated prices.

    By elmer on May 24, 2009

  9. I am still in Kyiv digging away at my research.
    On the Yekhanurov affair:

    1. There was no need for her to go after him after Baloga left. Perhaps it was time for Yushchenko-Tymoshenko to make up for the good of overcoming the crisis. But, as you know, this is not how politics is done here.
    2. The corruption surrounding higher prices charged for foods supplied to the armed forces is not a scandal in the sense that it happens in each ministry (overcharging) and has happened for two decades.
    3. the land scandal is a more serious scandal. Anatoliy Grytsenko, by far Ukraine’s best Defence Minister, was not kept on after serving 3 governments (including Yanukovych’s in 2006-2007) because he fell out with Baloga. Baloga wanted access to MOD lands to sell. There is a lot of redundant MOD land as Ukraine inherited 750,000 Soviet troops which have been reduced to 200,000.
    Was Yekhanurov involved with Baloga in this land corruption? Perhaps. and if so, what did the president know about it? Yekhanurov is one of Yushchenko’s oldest allies (and one of his last remaining allies) who was head of the State Property Fund in the 1990s when a lot of corrupt privatizations took place.

    By Taras Kuzio on May 24, 2009

  10. Yep, each “political force” – meaning Yushchenko and Tymoshenko and Yanukovych – keep shooting at each other’s pawns.

    If Tymo is indeed a corruption fighter, then the land scandal does indeed need to be investigated.

    As far as Yushchenko and Tymo making up – HA!

    Maybe I’m reading too much into it, and it may be rank speculation, but judging from the pictures at Easter, my guess is that Yushch’s wife has as much to do with this as anyone else. If looks could kill, old Katya was in sharpshooter form during Easter services as she looked at Yulia.

    Yulia has her own money – she, like many others, stole it fair and square, as everyone knows.

    Yushch seems to have missed the boat on having tons of money – meaning centi-millionaire status, like Tymo, or billionaire status, like Pinchuk or Akhemtov or Hajduk or Kolomoisky or Firtash and the rest of the thieves.

    So what’s a poor, honest politician to do?

    I’m glad Balagan is gone – good riddance to him.

    But Yushch – well, to this day, he has never explained on any coherent basis why he betrayed the Orange Revolution, why he went into the “universal agreement” with the Party of Regions, and why he kept saying one thing, and doing another.

    By elmer on May 24, 2009

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    By Avertedd on May 26, 2009

  12. Yushch has called for an end to “Staff wars,” meaning taking potshots at each other’s staffs and having them removed.

    Ukraine has no Finance Minister and no Interior Minister currently.

    Tymo is going after Yekhanurov, the Defense Minister, and a Yushchenko/Party of Regions man, for corruption, but claims that she is not engaging in Staff wars, and it’s all a fabrication by Yushch.

    In the meantime, she bags a Hr. 900 million general contractor construction contract for Taruta and Hayduk, “her” own oligarchs, to build the Lviv airport for Euro 2012, in the process cancelling the open bidding process.

    Her oligarchs and her corruption are “clean”, I take it?

    By elmer on May 26, 2009

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